Tuesday, March 18, 2014

The Wisdom Behind Prophet Muhammad (SAW) Marriages



“Lawful to you in marriage are chaste women from those who were given the scripture (Jews and Christians) before your time, when you have given their due mahr (bridal-money given by the husband to his wife at the time of marriage), desiring chastity (i.e taking them in legal wedlock) not committing illegal sexual intercourse, nor taking them as girlfriends” … (Al-maidah 5:5).

Prophet examples of plural marriage are for the humanity to follow.  Each marriage set the path to all possible types of marriages in Islam.

To Khadija (ra) showed that it is permissible for a man to marry a woman who is older than him, for a poor and orphan man to marry a woman, for an employee to marry his employer, and for a bachelor to marry widow.

To Aisha (ra) and Hafsah (ra)- As in the case of Aisha bint Abu Bakr (ra), a man can choose to marry a young and intelligent woman.  He can marry his friend’s daughter in the same way as the Prophet Married Aisha and Hafsah (ra), the daughters of his closest friends.  Abu Bakr (ra) and Umar (ra) in order to foster ties of relationships.  In addition, Islam allows the practice of betrothal before entering into the marriage to Aisha (ra)

To Juwariyah bint Al-Harith (ra) and Umm Habiba o Ramalah (ra) – A man can marry his enemy’s daughter as Prophet married Juwairya bint Al Harith, the head of Bani Al - Mustaliq of khuzaah and Umm Habiba or Ramalah (ra) the daughter of Abu Sufian (ra). Note that both Harith and Abu Sufian were bitter enemies of Islam.  Islam also permits marriage in absece like Umm.  Habiba was in Abyssinia, when Prophet married her.

To Maria (ra)- Marrying a woman of low social class.  Maria (ra) was given to the Prophet (saw) as a present by the ruler of Egypt.  Prophet elevated her status by marrying her instead of making her slave.

To Saffiyah bint Huyay bin Akhtab (ra) and Juwariya bint Al Harith (ra), not only show how Islam tolerant mixed marriages based on social status, but also shows the high regard to woman instead of making them slaves,  despite being his captives, he married them and gave them the highest status of being among the mothers of the believers. It further shows how the Prophet freed woman from the bondage of slavery.

Islam permits marriage with the people of the book.  Prophet demonstrated inter religious marriages with the people of book by marrying saffiyah bin Huyay bint Akhtab (ra) and Maria a Christian from Egypt.  Both of them embraced Islam.

To sawda bint Zama (ra)- With the Prophet (saw) marriage to sawda a widower,Prophet opted to marry a middle aged, kind jovial and widowed woman who can talk care of his children.

To Umm salamah (ra) - Had the Prophet not married Umm salamah, a widow with many children, he would not have demonstrated his virtuous of teachings for caring orphan.  He showed his kindness to them and love just like his own.

Prophet marriages to Hafsh bint Umr bin Al Khattab (ra) Zainab-bint Khuzaimah (ra) and Umm Salamah Hind bint Abi Omayah (ra), all widows, shows that men should have sympathy and concern for widows and the same can be best provided by marrying them.

To zainab bint jahsh (ra) - Prophet’s marriage to his cousin Zainab bint jahsh who divorced by his adopted son, Zaid (ra) shows, that in Islam it is lawful for man to marry his first degree cousin. It is also lawful for a man to marry a woman, divorced by his adopted son.
All types of marriage are demonstrated by the Prophet show that Islam is indeed complete, rational and practical for all times and all places.

The Ruling on Plural Marriage in Islam

And if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly with the orphan girls than you marry women of your choice, two, three or four, but if you fear that you will not be able to deal justly, then only one.

Statistics show that women are in greater number then men.  Therefore, one men marrying one woman will leave surplus women that will be detrimental to the society.  Men, since exposed to dangerous profession like soldering and hazardous work with great degree of possibility of accidents have higher death rate, further increasing the single women numbers.  This can be logically addressed by plural marriage.

Some men have greater physical desires, for them one woman may not be enough.  If is not for plural marriage, the man may go astray.

Plural marriage was not prohibited in religions and nations before Islam.  Prophet Solomon had ninety wives.

A wife may be barren or she may not be able to safety her husband because of sickness or some disability.  It is fair then, for the wife to agree and remain his wife and allow him to marry another. It is better to marry her than to let a relative widow or sick single women to fend for herself.  Plural marriage allows strengthening  the bond.

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